II. Waging War

Waging War In this chapter, Sun Tzu discusses the importance of planning and preparation in warfare, and emphasizes the need for leaders to be flexible and adaptable in order to succeed on the battlefield. He also emphasizes the importance of understanding one’s own strengths and weaknesses, as well as those of the enemy, in order to plan and execute effective military strategies. Additionally, Sun Tzu stresses the importance of maintaining discipline and unity among one’s troops, and the need to carefully consider the potential consequences of one’s actions before going to war. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the need for careful and calculated planning in order to succeed in warfare.

A business could use the principles outlined in the “Waging War” chapter of The Art of War to develop and execute a successful strategy against competitors. For example, the company could use Sun Tzu’s emphasis on careful planning and preparation to develop a detailed business plan that takes into account the strengths and weaknesses of its competitors, as well as its own. This plan could include strategies for differentiating the company’s products or services, targeting specific customer segments, and leveraging its own unique strengths in order to gain a competitive advantage. Additionally, the company could use Sun Tzu’s emphasis on flexibility and adaptability to respond to changes in the market and the actions of its competitors, and to adjust its plan as needed. Furthermore, the company could use Sun Tzu’s advice on maintaining discipline and unity among its team members to ensure that everyone is working towards the same goals and is committed to achieving success in the face of strong competition. By applying these principles, the company could develop and implement effective strategies to “conquer” its competitors and succeed in the market.

1. In the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armour, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day.

a thousand swift chariots

2. When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, the men’s weapons will grow dull and their ardour will be damped.

3. Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.

4. Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardour damped, your strength exhausted and your treasure spent, other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man, however wise, will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.

5. Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.

6. There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.

7. It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.

8. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy, neither are his supply-waggons loaded more than twice.

9. Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.

10. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.

11. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people’s substance to be drained away.

12. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.

13. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their incomes will be dissipated;

14. While Government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantlets, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.

15. Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy’s provisions is equivalent to twenty of one’s own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one’s own store.

16. Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.

17. Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy, and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept.

18. This is called, using the conquered foe to augment one’s own strength.

19. In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.

20. Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people’s fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.